Dab tsi yog cov khib nyiab txaus ntshai?

Nkag siab txog cov khoom pov tseg uas tsim kev puas tsuaj

Raws li txoj cai lij choj ntawm Tuam Txhab Tuam Txhab Tuam Txhab ntawm Kev Tiv Thaiv thiab Tswj Kev Tiv Thaiv Ib puag ncig los ntawm Cov Khoom Siv Hluav Taws Xob, cov khib nyiab pov tseg yog hais txog cov pov tseg uas tau teev tseg hauv daim ntawv teev cov pov tseg pov tseg hauv lub tebchaws los yog pov tseg los ntawm cov chaw pov tseg los yog kev tsim cov khib nyiab dav dav lossis pom tias muaj cov yam ntxwv txaus ntshai raws li cov txheej txheem pov tseg pov tseg hauv tebchaws. Nws yog feem ntau hu ua "khoom khib nyiab".

Raws li National Hazardous Waste List (2025 edition), muaj 46 pawg thiab 470 ntau yam ntawm cov khib nyiab pov tseg hauv Suav teb.

Cov khib nyiab pov tseg muaj tsib yam tseem ceeb txaus ntshai: corrosiveness, toxicity, inflammability, reactivity thiab infectivity. Hauv kev tsim khoom lag luam, ntau cov khoom pov tseg muaj cov yam ntxwv no. Raws li tsim nyog raw cov ntaub ntawv los yog cov khoom ntawm kev tsim khoom, yog tias kev tswj xyuas tsis zoo, lawv yuav ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj rau biology thiab ib puag ncig.

Tuam Tshoj txoj "Kev Tswj Xyuas Kev Tswj Xyuas Kev Nyab Xeeb Kev Nyab Xeeb Kev Nyab Xeeb Kev Nyab Xeeb" yuam kom cov chaw tsim cov khoom pov tseg puas tsuaj yuav tsum muab xa mus rau cov neeg ua haujlwm muaj ntawv tso cai rau kev sau lossis pov tseg. Tsis tas li ntawd, tag nrho cov txheej txheem suav nrog kev hloov pauv, kev thauj mus los, kev khaws cia, thiab kev kho cov pov tseg uas muaj kev phom sij yuav tsum tau tswj hwm nruj los ntawm cov tub ceev xwm ib puag ncig.

Cov pov tseg uas tsim kev puas tsuaj ua rau ib puag ncig zoo li cas?

Cov khib nyiab pov tseg feem ntau yog los ntawm cov hauv qab no: cov pa phem ntawm dej, huab cua thiab av.

1. Cov dej paug

Cov khoom pov tseg uas muaj kev phom sij yog nqa los ntawm qhov dej ntws mus rau hauv dej, pas dej thiab hiav txwv, ua rau muaj kab mob hauv dej; cov khoom tsis zoo yog infiltrated rau hauv av los ntawm leachate, paug dej hauv av; yog tias cov khib nyiab pov tseg ncaj qha mus rau hauv dej, pas dej thiab hiav txwv lossis mus rau hauv cov dej hauv av los ntawm qhov dej -drilling, nws yuav ua rau muaj kuab paug hnyav dua, thiab feem ntau ntawm lawv yuav rov qab tsis tau.

2.Pua paug rau huab cua

Cov evaporation thiab sublimation ntawm cov khoom pov tseg, nrog rau cov pa phem tso tawm los ntawm microbial decomposition ntawm cov organic pov tseg, ncaj qha ua paug rau huab cua. Cov khoom zoo thiab cov hmoov los ntawm cov khoom pov tseg uas muaj kev phom sij cuam tshuam nrog cua, ua rau huab cua huab cua phem. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev thauj mus los tsis raug, kev khaws cia, kev siv, lossis cov txheej txheem pov tseg tsim cov pa phem thiab plua plav uas ncaj qha lossis tsis ncaj qha rau huab cua.

3. Av paug

Cov plua plav thiab cov khoom ntawm cov khib nyiab uas muaj kev phom sij poob rau hauv av nto nrog cua thiab nkag mus rau hauv av, ua rau muaj kuab paug; cov kua thiab ib nrab- cov khoom pov tseg muaj kev puas tsuaj rau hauv av thiab nkag mus rau hauv av tom qab khaws cia lossis tso tseg. Cov khoom tsis zoo sib xyaw nrog cov av yuav txuas ntxiv mus, ua rau muaj kuab paug hauv av, lossis nkag mus rau cov khoom noj los ntawm bioaccumulation.

Kev kho cov pov tseg uas tsim kev puas tsuaj

Txhawm rau daws qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm ib puag ncig, lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev tiv thaiv cov khib nyiab pov tseg hauv Suav teb yog txo qis, rov ua dua tshiab thiab tsis muaj mob.

Kev txo qis yog hais txog kev txo tus nqi thiab kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov khib nyiab pov tseg los ntawm kev txhim kho thev naus laus zis, xaiv cov khoom tsim nyog thiab cov txheej txheem tsim khoom.

Kev siv cov peev txheej yog hais txog kev siv thev naus laus zis los hloov cov khoom pov tseg pov tseg rau hauv cov khoom siv thib ob thiab cov khoom siv txuas ntxiv dua tshiab los ntawm kev ua haujlwm.

Tam sim no, muaj ob hom kev pov tseg uas tsis muaj teeb meem: incineration thiab landfill. Txawm li cas los xij, ob qho tib si muaj cov kev cai nruj heev thiab yuav tsum tau tso siab rau cov kws tshaj lij thiab cov koom haum tsim nyog. Cov lag luam thiab cov tib neeg uas tsis muaj peev xwm pov tseg tsis tuaj yeem pov tseg cov pov tseg pov tseg ntawm qhov xav tau, txwv tsis pub lawv yuav ris lub luag haujlwm txhaum cai.

Yuav ua li cas txo cov khoom pov tseg uas tsim kev puas tsuaj?

1.Kev ua lag luam

Hauv cov txheej txheem tsim khoom, cov tuam txhab yuav tsum ua raws li Txoj Cai Kev Tsim Nyog Kev Tsim Nyog los ntawm kev txhim kho cov qauv tsim, siv lub zog huv thiab cov khoom siv, siv cov thev naus laus zis thiab khoom siv, txhim kho kev tswj hwm kev coj ua, thiab txhawb kev siv cov peev txheej. Cov kev ntsuas no txhawm rau txo cov pa phem ntawm nws qhov chaw, txhim kho kev siv peev txheej, txo qis kev tsim cov pa phem thiab emissions thaum lub sijhawm tsim khoom, kev pabcuam, thiab siv cov khoom siv, yog li ua tiav kev tsim khoom huv si thiab ua kom txo tau cov khoom pov tseg pov tseg ntawm nws lub hauv paus chiv keeb.

2.National kev koom tes

Raws li cov tib neeg zoo tib yam, peb kuj tuaj yeem pab txo qis cov khoom pov tseg.

• Nyob rau hauv lub neej txhua hnub, peb yuav tsum txhim kho peb txoj kev paub txog kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig, kawm txog kev paub txog cov pov tseg phom sij, thiab nkag siab txog kev faib tawm thiab kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov pov tseg uas muaj kev phom sij. Piv txwv li, cov roj teeb uas siv, cov tshuaj siv tas sij hawm, cov kaus poom pleev xim thiab lwm yam yog cov khib nyiab pov tseg, uas tsis tuaj yeem tov nrog cov khib nyiab hauv tsev.
• Peb yuav tsum tsim kom muaj kev noj qab haus huv zoo, txo qis kev siv cov khoom pov tseg, nqa koj lub hnab thaum mus yuav khoom, tsis kam ntim ntau dhau, thiab txo cov khoom pov tseg los ntawm qhov chaw.
• Koom tes nrog kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig kev tshaj tawm kev ua ub no, ua kom muaj kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov khib nyiab pov tseg thiab kev kho kom raug rau cov tib neeg nyob ib puag ncig lawv, thiab tsav ntau tus neeg los koom nrog kev tiv thaiv thiab tswj cov pov tseg phom sij.

Txawm hais tias cov pov tseg uas muaj kev phom sij yog "kev phom sij", tsuav yog peb nkag siab nws, ua tib zoo saib xyuas nws thiab daws nws kom raug, peb tuaj yeem ua rau cov "cov neeg tua tsis pom" ploj!

Hais txog Huihuan

Lub tuam txhab tau tsim cov khoom lag luam nplua nuj ntawm ecological ib puag ncig saib xyuas cov tshuab, npog ntau tshaj nees nkaum hom kev saib xyuas dej zoo,dej zoo tsis siv neeg saib xyuas chaw nres tsheb, online ambient huab cua zoo xyuas qhov system,yam analyzer, online VOCs monitoring system (VOCs), thiab lwm yam khoom siv.